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Dextrose Description

5% Dextrose Injection, USP solution is sterile and nonpyrogenic. It is a parenteral solution containing Dextrose in water for injection intended for intravenous administration.

Each 100 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, contains Dextrose, hydrous 5 g in water for injection. The caloric value is 170 kcal/L. The osmolarity is 252 mOsmol/L (calc.), which is slightly hypotonic.

The solution pH is 4.3 (3.2 to 6.5).

This solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer and is intended only as a single-dose injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded.

5% Dextrose Injection, USP is a parenteral fluid and nutrient replenisher.

Dextrose, USP is chemically designated D-glucose monohydrate (C6H12O6• H2O), a hexose sugar freely soluble in water. It has the following structural formula:

Water for Injection, USP is chemically designated H2O.

The flexible plastic container is fabricated from a clear multilayer plastic film (FC97). Exposure to temperatures above 25°C/77°F during transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture content. Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely that these minor losses will lead to clinically significant changes within the expiration period.

Dextrose - Clinical Pharmacology

When administered intravenously, these solutions provide a source of water and carbohydrate.

Isotonic and hypertonic concentrations of Dextrose are suitable for parenteral maintenance of water requirements when salt is not needed or should be avoided.

Solutions containing carbohydrate in the form of Dextrose restore blood glucose levels and provide calories. Carbohydrate in the form of Dextrose may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action. Dextrose injected parenterally undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide and water.

Water is an essential constituent of all body tissues and accounts for approximately 70% of total body weight. Average normal adult daily requirements range from two to three liters (1.0 to 1.5 liters each for insensible water loss by perspiration and urine production).

Water balance is maintained by various regulatory mechanisms. Water distribution depends primarily on the concentration of electrolytes in the body compartments and sodium (Na+) plays a major role in maintaining physiologic equilibrium.

Indications and Usage for Dextrose

Intravenous solutions containing Dextrose are indicated for parenteral replenishment of fluid and minimal carbohydrate calories as required by the clinical condition of the patient.

Contraindications

5% Dextrose Injection, USP without electrolytes should not be administered simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility that pseudoagglutination of red cells may occur.

Warnings

Excessive administration of potassium-free solutions may result in significant hypokalemia.

The intravenous administration of these solutions can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema.

The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of administered parenteral solutions. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of such solutions.

Precautions

Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation.

Solutions containing Dextrose should be used with caution in patients with known subclinical or overt diabetes mellitus.

Do not administer unless solution is clear and container is undamaged. Discard unused portion.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility:

Studies with 5% Dextrose Injection, USP have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or effects on fertility.

Pregnancy:

Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Dextrose. It is also not known whether Dextrose can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Dextrose should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers:

Caution should be exercised when 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is administered to a nursing mother.

Pediatric Use:

The safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population are based on the similarity of the clinical conditions of the pediatric and adult populations. In neonates or very small infants the volume of fluid may affect fluid and electrolyte balance.

Frequent monitoring of serum glucose concentrations is required when Dextrose is prescribed to pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight infants.

In very low birth weight infants, excessive or rapid administration of Dextrose injection may result in increased serum osmolarity and possible intracerebral hemorrhage.

Geriatric Use:

An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical experience identifying differences in response between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Adverse Reactions

Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia.

If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.

Overdosage

In the event of overhydration or solute overload, re-evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures. See WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, and ADVERSE REACTIONS.

Dextrose Dosage and Administration

The dose is dependent upon the age, weight and clinical condition of the patient.

As reported in the literature, the dosage and constant infusion rate of intravenous Dextrose must be selected with caution in pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight infants, because of the increased risk of hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia.

Drug Interactions

Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

Check for leaks by squeezing container firmly. If leaks are found, discard unit as sterility may be impaired. If supplemental medication is desired, follow directions below before preparing for administration.

To Add Medication

(Use aseptic technique)

1. Remove blue cap from sterile medication additive port at bottom of container.

2. With a needle of appropriate length, puncture resealable additive port and inject. Withdraw needle after injecting medication.

3. Mix container contents thoroughly.

4. The additive port may be protected by an appropriate cover.

Preparation for Administration

(Use aseptic technique)

NOTE: See appropriate I.V. administration set Instructions for Use.

1. Close flow control clamp of administration set.

2. Remove cap from sterile administration set port at bottom of container.

3. Insert piercing pin of administration set into port with a twisting motion until the pin is firmly seated.

4. Suspend container.

5. Squeeze and release drip chamber to establish proper fluid level in chamber.

6. Open clamp. Eliminate air from remainder of set.

7. Attach set to patient access device.

8. Begin infusion.

WARNING: Do not use flexible container in series connections.

How is Dextrose Supplied

5% Dextrose Injection, USP is supplied in single-dose flexible plastic containers as follows:

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Protect from freezing. U.S. patent 4,344,472

May, 2006

Revised: 04/2007